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Question 40
If the aorta and pulmonary trunk were switched, oxygen rich blood would be pumped from the left ventricle to the lungs.
A True
B False
If the aorta and pulmonary trunk were switched, oxygen rich blood would be pumped
(A) True
B False
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In the visual pathways to the brain, the optic radiations project to the
A B) lateral geniculate body
B C) primary visual cortex
D) optic chiasma
DA) medial retina
The receptor for static equilibrium is the
A B) macula
BA) semicircular canals
(C) C) utricle
(D) D) cochlear duct
240
Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by
A A) substances in solution
(B) D) movement of a cupula
B) stretching of the receptor cells
(D) C) the movement of otoliths
What is the main function of the rods in the eye?
A D) accommodation for near vision
B B) color vision
CC) vision in dim light
D A) depth perception
What is the difference between the auricles and the atria?
Use the editor to format your answer
Which of the following taste sensations is incorrectly matched to the chemicals that produce it?
A B) sour-acids
BA) sweet-organic substances such as sugar and some lead salts
C) salty-metal ions
(D) D) bitter-alkaloids
EE) umami-triglycerides and fatty acids
Steroid hormones exert their action by
A B) binding cell receptors and initiating cAMP activity
BC) entering the cell and activating mitochondrial DNA
A) entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
D D) activating the hypothalamic release of regulating hormones
Which of the following is true about photoreceptors?
A C) Three types of color-sensitive photoreceptors exist: red, green, and yellow.
BA) Rods absorb light throughout the visual spectrum but confer only gray tone vision.
B) In dim light, images are focused directly on the rods in the fovea centralis.
(D) D) If all cones are stimulated equally, all colors are absorbed by the cones and the color perceived is black.
Question 37
Dark adaptation
(A) D) involves accumulation of rhodopsin
BB) results in inhibition of rod function
CA) is much faster than light adaptation
DC) primarily involves improvement of acuity and color vision
Natural killer cells destroy target cells or pathogens by ingestion and destruction of particulate matter in a process called phagocytosis.
A True
B False
Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle.
A True
B False
Virus infected cells secrete interferons to “warn” other cells of the presence of virus and deny entry to them.
A True
B False
Match the following:
A) Memory cell
B) B cell
C) T helper cell
D) Cytotoxic T cell
E) Regulatory T cell
Prompts
Answers
Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen.
Select match
D
2
Absence results in no immune response.
B
3
Forms antibody-producing cells.
E
Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells.
A
5 Slows or stops the immune response.
с
Select Matcm
The directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis.
A True
(B) False
B cells must accomplish double recognition: they must simultaneously recognize self and nonself to be activated.
A True
B) False
Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation. In order for cells to respond, it is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate. This is possible because
A B) hormones alter cellular operations through direct stimulation of a gene
BA) peptide hormones are converted by cell membranes enzymes into second messengers
D) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm as a unit
C) G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers
Prompts
Answers
Select match
Protects and shapes the eyeball; provides a
sturdy anchoring site for extrinsic eye muscles.
D
2
Blood vessels supply nutrition to all eye layers.
C
A
3
Contains only cones; provides detailed color
vision.
E
4
B
Lacks photoreceptors; where optic nerve exits the eye.
5
Select match
Consists of a pigmented layer and a neural layer.
Question 29
Using Figure “Eye 2” below, match the following:
Prompts
Produces the hormones that promote the
Answers
Select match
development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty.
(2)
Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain.
C
3 Produces the hormones that direct the
production of the secondary male sex characteristics.
A
B
Produce steroid hormones and
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
(5
Select match
Produces hormones and is considered a
neuroendocrine organ.
E
5 Points
Using Figure “Endocrine Organs”, match the following:
The receptor membranes of gustatory cells are
AC) fungiform papillae
B B) gustatory hairs
CD) taste buds
(D) A) basal cells
B
D
E
Question 26
Select the correct statement about equilibrium.
(A)
2 Points
A) The weight of the endolymph contained within the semicircular canals against the maculae is responsible for static equilibrium.
BC) Hair cells of both types of equilibrium hyperpolarize only, resulting in an increased rate of impulse transmission.
CD) Due to dynamic equilibrium, movement can be perceived if rotation of the body continues at a constant rate.
DB) Cristae respond to angular acceleration and deceleration.
Continue
Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?
B
(D
D) T cells and B cells become activated when they bind with recognized antigens.
A) The lymphoid organs where lymphocytes become immunocompetent are called primary lymph organs. All other lymphoid organs are referred to as secondary lymphoid organs.
C) After becoming immunocompetent, the naive T cells and B cells are exported to the bone marrow where the encounters
with antigens occur.
B) It is our genes, not antigens, that determine what specific foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.
Produces a hormone that controls blood
Select match
levels of calcium and potassium by their removal from bone tissue.
5
Select match
Produces the body’s major metabolic hormones.
Match the following:
A) Hypophysis
B) Pancreas
C) Thyroid
D) Parathyroid
E) Adrenal medulla
Prompts
Answers
The size and shape of a pea; produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.
Select match
A
2 The gland that controls the fight-or-flight
C
reaction.
3 Produces hormones that regulate glucose
levels in the body.
B
E
Produces a hormone that controls blood levels of calcium and potassium by their
Question 23
The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because
A A) it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release
B B) embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional
D) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
DC) it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location
Question 22
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?
A A) aqueous humor
(B) D) iris
CC) cornea
(D) B) lens
2 Points
The “lub” sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart’s pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves.
A True
B False
Question 20
ACTH
AC) causes the release of hormones from the adrenal medulla
BA) is secreted by the posterior pituitary
D) is not a tropic hormone
D B) secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone
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The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.
A True
B) False
Question 18
Define systole and diastole. Which heart chambers are usually referenced when these terms are used?
Use the editor to format your answer
Receptors for hearing are located in the
A A) cochlea
B B) semicircular canals
C) tympanic membrane
(D) D) vestibule
Light passes through the following structures in which order?
A D) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
(B) A) vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea
B) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
D C) cornea, vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor
When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is
A D) renin
B C) angiotensinogen
CB) epinephrine
(D) A) estrogen
Perforins form complexes that penetrate the cell membrane and allow the passage of the apoptosis inducing protein granzyme to enter the targeted cell.
(A) True
(B) False
Question 13
Antibodies typically act extracellularly in body fluids and are therefore considered part of the humoral branch of adaptive immunity.
A True
B False
Motion sickness seems to
A C) result from activation of nausea centers in the brain stem
BA) respond best to medication taken after salivation and pallor begins
B) respond best to medication that “boosts” vestibular inputs
DD) result from mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs
2 Points
The heart is called a “double pump” because there are two functionally separate circulations. Trace the pathway of each of these circulations and include the following information: heart chambers involved, major blood vessels involved, and general areas through which the blood flows. Begin with the right atrium.
The antibody that becomes bound to mast cells and basophils and causes the cells to release histamine and other chemicals is
Question 9
Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear?
A B) external acoustic meatus
B D) pharyngotympanic tube
C) tympanic membrane
DA) pinna
Aldosterone
A C) presence increases potassium concentration in the blood
BA) is secreted by the neurohypophysis
B) functions to increase sodium reabsorption
D) production is greatly influenced by ACTH
Which of the following is true about gustatory receptors?
A A) In order for a chemical to be sensed, it must be hydrophobic.
B C) Complete adaptation occurs in about one to five minutes.
D) All gustatory receptors have the same threshold for activation.
B) The receptors generate an action potential in response to chemical stimuli.
Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of
A A) aldosterone
BC) secretin
B) insulin
(D) D) cortisol
The eye muscle that elevates and turns the eye laterally is the
A B) superior oblique
BD) medial rectus
C) inferior oblique
DA) lateral rectus
Question 4
The blind spot of the eye is where,
AA) more rods than cones are found
BC) only cones occur
D) the optic nerve leaves the eye
DB) the macula lutea is located
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