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14. Give a good definition of perfusion.

11. When you exercise, all the following are true about the capillaries of your skeletal muscles EXCEPT:

Their capillary bed will be full of blood

Their vascular shunt will be used the most

Their perfusion rate will be high

Their precapillary sphincters will open

Question 12

12. Which of the below is NOT a function of the tunica intima?

its thin lining allows easier diffusion

its flexibility can narrow and widen the lumen

it provides a smooth lining for easier flow

one-way valves can protrude off of it

Question 13

13. What is the endothelium?

2 pts

8. Choose any statement that is TRUE about the vasa vasorum. (There is more than one answer.)

They supply blood vessels with oxygen

The term means “vessels within vessels”

They remove waste products from blood vessels

They exist in the tunica media

Question 9

9. What is the function of the tunica externa?

allow diffusion of nutrients and wastes

absorb pressure created by the heart

protect and maintain the vessel’s circular shape

lubricate the blood vessel walls

Question 10

2 pts

10. Which of the below is the LEAST helpful way of getting venous blood back to the heart?

Breathing pressure changes

Valves in the veins

Skeletal muscle contraction

High heart pumping pressure

5. Which type of blood vessel has the most elastic?

arteries

capillaries

veins

Question 6

6. Which blood vessel has the most anastomoses?

capillaries

arteries

veins

Question 7

7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of veins?

Ohigh carbon dioxide

thick tunica intima

low pressure

valves

3. Which type of blood vessel is defined as a vessel that carries blood AWAY from the

heart?

arteries

capillaries

veins

Question 4

4. Which type of blood vessel has the slowest flow?

arteries

capillaries

veins

2 pts

1. Most homeostatic vasoconstriction and vasodilation occurs in:

venules

arterioles

the vena cava

the aorta

Question 2

2. Most exchange of nutrients and wastes by means of diffusion occurs in:

arteries

capillaries

veins

2 pts

BONUS C – What overall design feature do the millions of alveoli and millions of villi and

millions of nephrons have in common that allows them to do their job the most efficient way? The answer is 2 words as indicated below: (worth 1 bonus point)

BONUS B – Name at least 2 important flossing tips I gave you. (Worth 2 bonus points)

BONUSA – State the 2 main reasons for the pleura. (Worth 2 bonus points)

Question 64

64. List at least two things the good bacterial flora in your large intestine do.

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12pt v

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Question 65

BIUA

O words

<1> <

2 pts

1 pts

65. What was one of the analogies I used in the narrated lecture to help you comprehend

emulsification.

Question 62

2 pts

62. Name two methods of mechanical digestion in two different locations of the GI tract.

Edit View Insert Format Tools Table

12pt v

Paragraph

Question 63

BIUA

2 V T2 V

O words <1> 2

3 pts

63. List the 3 important things that happen during the swallowing reflex to make sure the food you swallow goes into the correct tube! Number them please.

61. State at least 2 ways air is cleaned as it travels through the respiratory tract. (List 3 for a bonus point)

60. The respiratory system can compensate for alkalosis by:

hypoventilation to get rid of basic CO2

breathing slower to retain acidic CO2

hyperventilation to retain basic CO2

breathing faster to get rid of acidic CO2

58. The two main organs that maintain blood pH homeostasis are the

and

kidney and bladder

kidney and liver

heart and kidney

lungs and liver

lungs and kidney

Question 59

59. The kidneys can correct respiratory acidosis by:

secreting H+ and absorbing HCO3-

absorbing Hydrogen ion and Bicarbonate ion

absorbing H+ and secreting HCO3-

secreting Hydrogen ion and Bicarbonate ion

56. A blood pH of 7.2 would indicate:

Alkalosis

Neutralosis

Acidosis

Question 57

1.5 pts

57. Acidosis and alkalosis greatly decrease the function of the carry out synthesis and decomposition reactions.

in our body that

54. Which of the below is the only scenario that will result in less urine?

getting cold

drinking coffee

smoking

being stressed

drinking alcohol

Question 55

55. The word for voiding or emptying your bladder is:

urintuition

deglutition

incontinence

micturition

52. What organ removes urea from our blood?

liver

bladder

intestines

kidney

Question 53

53. The two “poisons” that urea is composed of are:

carbon dioxide and ammonia

carbon monoxide and ketones

nitric oxide and bicarbonate

oxygen and hydroxide

1.5 pts

50. A positive BUN test would indicate:

hematuria

a kidney stone

anemia

uremia

Question 51

51. What organ makes the chemical urea?

liver

heart

kidney

intestines

Question 48

48. What two urine conditions could indicate diabetes? (pick two)

proteinuria

glycosuria

ketonuria

bilirubinuria

Question 49

49. Pyuria would usually indicate:

pregnancy

liver disease

lung disease

urinary tract infection

hypertension

1.5 pts

46. Which of the below is NOT one of the three main solutes in urine?

urea

albumin

creatinine

uric acid

Question 47

1.5 pts

47. When Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH) is secreted it will make you have: (pick two answers)

a large amount of urine

a small amount of urine

concentrated urine

dilute urine

44. Match the hormone to its primary effect on the kidney:

Renin

ADH (AntiDiuretic Hormone)

Aldosterone

Question 45

✓ [Choose ]

Regulates diameter of blood vessels in kidney Regulates amount of salt kidney keeps in blood

Regulates amount of water kidney keeps in blood

[Choose ]

1.5 pts

45. What is the hormone the kidney releases when the oxygen level in the blood is low?

43. What statement is FALSE about the JGA?

The JGA includes the glomerulus and the PCT

The JGA’s main purpose is to give feedback on how the filtering process is going

JGA stands for Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

The JGA includes granular cells and macula densa cells

42. What are the two main diseases that can lead to chronic kidney disease? (Pick two answers)

COPD

High blood pressure

Cirrhosis

Heart disease

Pacreatitis

Diabetes

41. Why is a low net filtration pressure bad?

Question 39

39. What should be the ideal net filtration pressure inside each renal corpuscle?

1 mm Hg

10 mg Hg

55 mm Hg

120 mm Hg

Question 40

40. Why is a high net filtration pressure bad?

1.5 pts

Question 37

37. How many times per day do the kidneys clean our complete volume of blood?

1-2 times each day

10-20 times each day

1000-2000 times each day

50-60 times each day

Question 38

38. What are peritubular capillaries AND why are they necessary?

1.5 pts

35. What special cells with “feet” cover the glomerulus to create a filtration membrane?

podocytes

renalocytes

macula densa cells

granular cells

Question 36

36. Match the part with its major process:

Glomerulus

✓ [Choose ]

PCT

Loop of Henle

Regulation of water content

Reabsorption of good things into blood Secretion of bad things out of blood

Bulk filtering into Bowmans capsule

[Choose ]

DCT

[Choose ]

1.5 pts

34. Trace the flow of the blood/filtrate/urine through the kidney by putting the following terms in the proper order:

✓ [Choose ]

Urethra

Ureter

Bowmans capsule

Bladder

glomerulus

DCT (Distal Convoluted Tubule)

Loop of Henle

PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule) Collecting duct

[Choose ]

33. Match where each liquid is found:

blood

filtrate

urine

[Choose ]

collecting ducts of medulla

PCT, DCT, loop of Henle glomerulus

[Choose ]

31. The main function of the kidneys is to:

catabolise

transport

excrete

filter

Question 32

32. Why do the millions of microscopic nephrons consist of all those long & winding tubules?

Question 29

29. Match the word to its definition.

metabolism

anabolism

catabolism

✓ [Choose ]

building reactions

detoxification

all the chemical reactions in your body

breaking down reactions

[Choose ]

biotransformation

Question 30

[Choose ]

30. Which statement below is FALSE about the liver?

the liver stores many vitamins and minerals

chronic alcohol drinking can cause cirrhosis

each hepatocyte has around 500 jobs

blue skin due to jaundice is a major sign the liver is failing

1.5 pts

28. Match the Food Type to its correct information.

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

✓ [Choose ]

carbohydrates

proteins

starts chemical digestion in the stomach starts chemical digestion in the duodenum lipids

starts chemical digestion in the mouth

Amylase helps digest

[Choose ]

Pepsin helps digest

[Choose ]

Bile helps digest

[Choose ]

Question 27

27. Most absorbed nutrients in the digestive system go to the liver via the:

hepatic portal vein

hepatic vein

inferior vena cava

hepatic artery

Question 25

25. Which of the following is FALSE about the small intestine?

has the surface area of a tennis court

where the pancreas feeds all its enzymes into

secretes the hormone gastrin

contains brush border cells

Question 26

26. Which of the following is FALSE about the large intestine?

it is also called the colon

it has a lot of good bacteria in it

it is a major site for the absorption of nutrients

it controls the amount of water in your feces

1.5 pts

Question 23

23. All the following are present in the gastric juice EXCEPT:

mucous

hydrochloric acid

bicarbonate

pepsin

Question 24

24. Bile is needed to:

activate the enzyme pepsin

digest big fat droplets into fatty acids

emulsify big fat drops into little fat droplets

stimulate the gall bladder to contract

コ

Question 21

21. Which of the following destroys the bone around your teeth?

periodontitis

pulpitis

caries

gingivitis

Question 22

22. The sphincter that gives you the “urge” to defecate is the:

pyloric sphincter

internal anal sphincter

external anal sphincter

ileo-cecal sphincter

1.5 pts

Question 19

19. What actually “eats” your teeth or gums in tooth decay or gingivitis?

acid

sugar

saliva

bad bacteria

Question 20

20. The type of tooth named for its “cutting” function is the:

molar

premolar

canine

incisor

18. Match the digestive structure to its function.

1.5 pts

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

✓ [Choose ]

where deglutition reflex is stimulated

where a bolus is propelled down a chute where most absorption of nutrients occurs

where chyme is created

where the largest mass movements of peristalsis occur

where mastication occurs

Stomach

[Choose ]

Small Intestine

[Choose ]

Large Intestine

[Choose ]

17. About how much is our tidal volume according to the spirograph?

6000

1200 ml

500 ml

4800 ml

3000 ml

Milliliters (ml)

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

16 Which one of the diagram letters indicates our residual volume?

6000

Milliliters (ml)

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

15. Which letter on the diagram shows where the vital capacity measurement is?

6000

illiliters (ml)

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

Question 13

13. The formula for cellular respiration is:

Energy+water+ carbon dioxide –> glucose + oxygen

Glucose + water –> oxygen + carbon dioxide + Energy

Glucose + oxygen –> Energy + water + carbon dioxide

Glucose + carbon dioxide –> Energy+water+ oxygen

Question 14

ய

1.5 pts

14. The pressure gradient for oxygen diffusion is always greater than the pressure gradient for carbon dioxide yet the amount of diffusion of both substances is equal at both the alveolar/capillary junction and the capillary/cell junction. Why is this so?

CO2 is 20X as soluble than 02

CO2 is 20X larger than 02

CO2 is 20X as acidic than 02

CO2 is bound 20X more tightly to hemoglobin

Question 11

1.5 pts

11. Due to ventilation-perfusion coupling, an alveolus with high 02 & low CO2 will cause:

Both the arterioles and bronchioles to that alveoli to constrict

The arterioles to that alveoli to dilate AND the bronchioles to that alveoli to constrict

The bronchioles to that alveoli to dilate AND the arterioles to that alveoli to constrict

Both the arterioles and bronchioles to that alveoli to dilate

Question 12

12. The disease that destroys the surface area of the alveoli is:

bronchitis

tuberculosis

asthma

emphysema

Question 9

9. Inhaled air is made up of 78%

water vapor

carbon dioxide

nitrogen

oxygen

Question 10

10. Which of the following is FALSE?

Low blood oxygen is the main stimulus to make us breathe

The normal breathing rate is 12-15 times/minute

The medulla regulates our breathing rate

The phrenic nerve leads to the diaphragm muscle

1.5 pts

Question 7

7. What statement is FALSE about the respiratory membrane?

it has as much surface areas as a tennis court

it is where diffusion of both oxygen and carbon dioxide occur

it includes two thin layers of simple squamous epithelium

it works better when lined with water vapor on the alveolar side

Question 8

8. The main method in which carbon dioxide is carried in the blood is:

attached to hemoglobin

dissolved in the plasma

as carbon monoxide in the RBCs

as bicarbonate in the plasma

Question 4

4.. When the diaphragm muscle contracts, it

makes an upside down U shape

descends and flattens

Question 5

1.5 pts

5. The intrapleural pressure needs to be

than the intrapulmonary pressure.

higher

equal to

lower

Question 6

6. Internal Respiration is the movement of oxygen from:

alveoli to blood

blood to cell

atmosphere to lungs

1.5 pts

Question 2

1.5 pts

2. According to Boyle’s Law, when the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure

and makes us

decreases; inhale

increases; exhale

decreases; exhale

increases; inhale

Question 3

3. Which respiratory word is defined INCORRECTLY?

Hypoxia = not enough oxygen

Hypercapnia = too much carbon dioxide

Cyanosis = the inflammation of lung tissue

Compliance = the stretchability of lung tissue

1. Match the respiratory structure to its function.

1.5 pts

alveoli

bronchioles

larynx

nose

✓ [Choose ]

Cleans and carries air into thorax

Stimulates epiglottis to close

Sends 02 into blood and removes CO2 from blood

Warms, moistens, and cleans inhaled air

Allows us to speak

Determines whether air goes to R or L lung

Part of respiratory tract that has smooth muscle to constrict and dilate

[Choose ]

pharynx

[Choose ]

trachea

[Choose ]

bronchi

[Choose ]

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